Types of Microprocessor | | Differences between RISC and CISC Processor

 

TYPES OF MICROPROCESSORS

     1.   RISC Microprocessor

A Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) microprocessor is a type of processor architecture that aims to simplify the instruction set of a CPU. In a RISC microprocessor, the main aim is to optimizing the instruction execution time, which is achieved by using simpler, faster instructions. Processors are commonly used in embedded systems, mobile devices, and other applications that require high-performance computing with low power consumption.

                                                                                 Fig : - RISC Microprocessor

Characteristics of RISC Microprocessor

·          It has simpler instructions and thus simple instruction decoding.

·       More general-purpose registers.

·       The instruction takes one clock cycle in order to get executed.

·       The instruction comes under the size of a single word.

·       Pipeline can be easily achieved.

·       Few data type.

·       Simpler addressing modes

      2.CISC Microprocessor

It stands for Complex Instruction Set Computer. It is mainly designed to minimize the number of instructions per program and ignoring the number of cycles per instruction. The importance is on building complex instructions directly into the hardware.

The compiler does very little work to translate a high-level language into assembly level language/machine code because the length of the code is relatively short, so very little RAM is required to store the instructions.

                                                                  Fig :CISC Microprocessor

  Characteristics of CISC Microprocessor

          ·       Instructions are complex, and thus it has complex instruction decoding.

          ·      The instructions may take more than one clock cycle in order to get executed.

          ·       The instruction is larger than one-word size.

          ·       Lesser general-purpose registers since the operations get performed only in the                memory.

          ·        More data types.

          ·       Complex addressing modes.

  3.EPIC Microprocessor

It stands for Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing. The working of EPIC processors is supported by using a set of complex instructions which contain both basic instructions as well as the information of execution of parallel instructions. It substantially increases the efficiency of these processors.

Characteristics of EPIC Microprocessor

·         Very long instruction word (VLIW) architecture:

·       Large number of registers

·       Compiler-based instruction scheduling

·       High-performance computing

·       Scalability

Differences Between RISC and CISC Microprocessor

RISC	CISC
It stands for Reduce instruction set computer	It stands for Complex instruction set computer
It has smaller number of instructions.	It has large number of instructions.
It has few addressing modes.	It has more addressing modes.
It is cheap.	It is expensive.
It is Less powerful.	It is more powerful.
It has single cycle instructions.	It has several cycle instructions.
For eg: - ARM, SPARC, etc.	For eg: -Motorola’s 6800, intel etc.

 

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